Bursitis/Tendinitis

Bursitis is the inflammation of one or more bursae, which are synovial sacs containing synovial fluid in the body. These sacs are lined with a membrane that secretes lubricating fluid. The human body has over 150 bursae, located where muscles and tendons glide over bones. Normally, bursae provide a smooth, frictionless surface that facilitates painless movement. However, when bursitis occurs, the inflamed bursa makes movement difficult and painful. This inflammation can also lead to muscle stiffness as tendons and muscles moving over the bursa further aggravate the condition.

Signs and Symptoms

Bursitis often affects superficial bursae, such as those in the shoulder, knee, heel, and shin. Symptoms can range from localized warmth and redness to joint pain, stiffness, and a stinging pain around the affected area. In the shoulder, bursitis may cause a snapping, grinding, or popping sound, known as snapping scapula syndrome, which is not always painful.

Causes

Bursitis can have multiple causes, including trauma, autoimmune disorders, infections, and medication-related factors. It is commonly triggered by repetitive movement and excessive pressure, particularly in the shoulders, elbows, and knees. Other inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, lupus, and gout can also lead to bursitis. Additionally, immune deficiencies such as HIV and diabetes may contribute to its development. Traumatic injuries can cause bursitis by increasing pressure on the bursa, and in some cases, the cause remains unknown. Bursitis can also be associated with various chronic systemic diseases.