Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that leads to joint inflammation. It commonly occurs in individuals with psoriasis—an autoimmune skin condition characterized by scaly, red, itchy patches—but can also develop independently. PsA can affect large joints like the knees and shoulders, as well as smaller joints in the fingers, toes, back, and pelvis. Symptoms typically manifest between the ages of 30 and 50, ranging from mild to severe, and if left untreated, can cause joint damage. Both men and women are equally at risk for PsA.

Psoriatic arthritis may affect one or multiple joints, causing stiffness and swelling. It can also lead to dactylitis (swelling of the fingers and toes) and nail pitting. Other symptoms include tendon inflammation (enthesitis), back pain, colitis, and uveitis (eye inflammation). Diagnosing PsA involves a physical examination to identify swollen or painful joints and changes in nails and skin. Imaging tests like X-rays, ultrasounds, MRIs, or CT scans can reveal joint damage, while blood tests help rule out other conditions, and a skin biopsy can confirm psoriasis.

Regular follow-up appointments with a rheumatologist are crucial for effective disease management. Exercise routines such as walking, biking, and yoga can help strengthen joints and improve cardiovascular health. It is also important to monitor for comorbid conditions like high blood pressure, obesity, type-2 diabetes, and high cholesterol with the help of a primary care physician. If psoriasis is present, consulting a dermatologist for additional skin treatments is recommended.